Which is Not Part Of The Tetralogy Of Fallot?

Which is Not Part Of The Tetralogy Of Fallot?

• A. Patent Foramen Ovale
• B. Pulmonary Stenosis
• C. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
• D. Overriding Aorta

Answer: (A)

Tetralogy of Fallot is defined by four cardiac abnormalities working together: pulmonary stenosis, a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary outflow obstruction plus the VSD causes deoxygenated blood to shunt into the systemic circulation, leading to cyanosis, and the aorta sits over the VSD allowing mixing of blood from both ventricles. Patent foramen ovale, on the other hand, is an opening at the atrial level that can persist after birth in some individuals, but it is not one of the four defining defects of TOF. So while a PFO can coexist or contribute to intracardiac shunting in a patient, it is not part of the tetralogy’s characteristic abnormalities.

Tetralogy of Fallot is defined by four cardiac abnormalities working together: pulmonary stenosis, a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary outflow obstruction plus the VSD causes deoxygenated blood to shunt into the systemic circulation, leading to cyanosis, and the aorta sits over the VSD allowing mixing of blood from both ventricles. Patent foramen ovale, on the other hand, is an opening at the atrial level that can persist after birth in some individuals, but it is not one of the four defining defects of TOF. So while a PFO can coexist or contribute to intracardiac shunting in a patient, it is not part of the tetralogy’s characteristic abnormalities.